1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
a. cellulose
b. sucrose
c. water
d. testosterone
2. Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list?
a. polysaccharides
b. carbohydrate
c. monosaccharide
d. glycogen
3. Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water?
a. hydrocarbon
b. hydrophobic
c. hydrophilic
d. organic
4. Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule?
a. protein
b. lipid
c. amino acid
d. carbohydrate
5. The 20 amino acids vary only in their
a. carboxyl goups.
b. side groups.
c. amino groups.
d. lipid groups.
6. A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the
a. catalyst.
b. sucrase.
c. active site.
d. substrate.
7. An enzyme does which of the following?
a. adds heat to a reaction, speeding it up
b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction
c. cools a reaction, slowing it down
d. raises the activation energy of a reaction
Short Answer
8. Besides satisfying your hunger, why else might you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race?
something else it might do is provide protiens that help you survive
9. How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?
they are glucose makes sucrose (in plant cells) and starch (plalnt cells)
10. What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings
11. How are polypeptides related to proteins?
polypeptides are a chain of linked amino acids where proteins are 20 amino acids linked together
12. How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?
the denaturation effect helps the protein to heat up allowing it to unfold the proteins because most of the forces that maintain folding are weak attractions between pairs of side groups, and between side groups and water. Hot molecules collide with enough force to overcome these weak attractions. Since a protein's function depends on its shape, a protein that becomes denatured and loses its shape also loses its ability to work properly.
14. Analyzing Diagrams The reaction below shows two amino acids joining together.
a. One product of this reaction is represented by a question mark. Which molecule is it?
water or H2O
b. What is this kind of reaction called? Explain.
it is called a chemical reaction and the H2O molecule is lost in the process
c. If an amino acid were added to this chain, at what two places could it attach?
it would attach between the hydrogen and the oxygen molecules
15. Analyzing Graphs Use the graph to answer the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A perform best? Enzyme B?
A. 38 degrees and B. 78 degrees
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other in thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism.
i think that Enzyme A came from an organism because the temperature is closer to that of a human
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40°C.
because much farther after 4o degrees C a human being will die
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